Overview of
Hazrat Umar
ibn Al-Khattab (RA)

Early Life

Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA) was born in Mecca around 584 CE into the Banu Adi clan of the Quraish tribe. He was known for his physical strength, intelligence, and leadership qualities from a young age. Before embracing Islam, he was a staunch opponent of the new faith and even intended to kill the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) at one point.

Conversion to Islam

His conversion was a turning point in Islamic history. It is said that Umar (RA) accepted Islam after reading verses from Surah Ta-Ha. His acceptance gave a significant boost to the Muslim community, strengthening their position in Mecca.

Contributions During the Prophet’s Time

Hazrat Umar (RA) played a crucial role in defending Islam and supporting the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) during his life. He participated in key battles such as Badr, Uhud, Khandaq, and others. He was known for his wisdom, justice, and firm decisions, which contributed to the growing influence of Islam.

Role as the Second Caliph

After the death of Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA), Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA) became the second Caliph of Islam in 634 CE. His reign is marked as one of the most important periods in Islamic history due to his exceptional administrative skills, justice system, and military expansions.

Major Achievements as Caliph

• Expansion of the Islamic Empire: Hazrat Umar (RA) expanded the Islamic state significantly, conquering vast territories including Persia, the Byzantine Empire, and parts of Egypt.
• Establishment of Administrative Systems: He established an efficient administrative system, introduced the concept of welfare, and implemented a financial system, including the Bayt al-Mal (public treasury).
• Judicial Reforms: Umar (RA) was known for his justice and introduced significant judicial reforms. He separated the judiciary from the executive branch and appointed judges known for their piety and knowledge.
• Infrastructure Development: He initiated the development of infrastructure, such as roads, canals, and bridges, to support the expanding state and provide facilities for citizens.
• Calendar Introduction: Umar (RA) introduced the Hijri calendar, marking the Islamic era from the migration (Hijrah) of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) from Mecca to Medina.

Personal Traits and Legacy

Hazrat Umar (RA) was known for his simplicity, humility, and dedication to justice. He often disguised himself to monitor the conditions of the people in his state. His governance was marked by fairness and strict adherence to Islamic principles. His leadership is still admired for its transparency, accountability, and moral integrity.

Martyrdom

Hazrat Umar (RA) was assassinated in 644 CE by a Persian slave named Abu Lu’lu’ah during Fajr prayer in Medina. His death marked the end of a remarkable era of leadership, and he was buried beside the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) and Hazrat Abu Bakr (RA) in the Prophet’s Mosque in Medina.

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Recommended Books on Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA)

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Hazrat Umar (RA) by Hakim Sharafat Husain Rahimabadi

This Urdu book, published by Majlis Nashriyat-e-Islam, offers a concise look into the life of Hazrat Umar ibn Al-Khattab (RA), the second Caliph of Islam. With a total of 64 pages, the book highlights the significant contributions, leadership qualities, and personality traits of Hazrat Umar (RA). It focuses on his role in spreading Islam, his justice, and his influence among the Sahabah (companions of the Prophet Muhammad PBUH). The book serves as a valuable resource for readers interested in Islamic history and the lives of the Sahabah. The paperback format makes it an accessible choice for those seeking knowledge on this revered figure.